A Space of our Own

Although we think the Cosmoscope is a credible public service simply by aggregating access to sites across the globe, it’s reasonable for the community to expect us to work toward our own remotely controlled observatory.

Telescopes are best located at altitude and far away from city lights. Kansas obviously offers no mountaintops, but there are locations where skies are conspicuously dark. Even within a short drive of the Cosmosphere we believe we can find a suitable dark sky location for a modest observatory capable of the sort of medium-length exposures required for “live” viewing.

Rather than invest in university-class, relatively exotic hardware, we propose to make best use of high-end consumer equipment from mass manufacturers. As an example, myt_grossCelestron’s 11-inch telescopes are put to good use by remote telescope operator Slooh. Colorado-based manufacturer Bisque makes equatorial mounts for less than $10,000 that achieve pointing accuracies near those of truly professional equipment. Digital camera manufacturer Diffraction Limited offers units with various combinations of resolution and sensitivity.

An advantage of the “pro-sumer” approach is obviously the economies of scale of the development sbigof this hardware, but also the expertise and ingenuity of a large user base. Much of this equipment comes with computer control software already anticipating remote use via internet protocol.

Another possibility to be considered is the local School District’s observatory dome already within view, or nearly so, of the Cosmosphere itself. We suspect there are maintenance issues that would be more expensive to solve than starting from scratch, but – depending upon the bragging rights any given stakeholder might seek – there maybe a remarkably quick path toward a Cosmoscope-operated dome! A caution that school observatories located in other than the ground floors of their buildings (certainly not anchored to bedrock) are notoriously bad about building vibration marring images. (The Mabee Observatory at Bethel College exhibits this weakness, we’re told.) If the HVAC system in the building could be temporarily disabled during Cosmoscope hours, this could be a solution, as could moving the dome and any existing equipment to a dark sky location.

Space Imaging Center

The Cosmoscope is described in the site logo as a Digital Observatory & Space Imaging Center. From a standpoint of national notoriety the image processing may be the most significant thing the project can bring to the Cosmosphere.

We propose to develop expertise in the post-processing of digital (or digitized) telescope image data captured by ourselves, by partner observatories, and public domain sources like the Hubble project, or NASA archives. Within a short drive of Underground Vaults and Storage, a world-class archival media storage facility, the Cosmoscope offers a unique role internationally as a repository for unique and priceless film and digital assets. UGVSUsing high end, but still consumer-class PCs, we hope to both develop our own expertise and that of interested members of the community. In the early years it might be useful to make it clear that our imaging mission is for artistic purposes, for public outreach rather than spectrometry or other science, freeing us to use commercially-available software like Photoshop without the rigors of documenting the precise data manipulation being employed. Alternately, or down the road, we could become the go-to experts on the traits and idiosyncracies of past hardware, making a case that we can digitally “undo” unavoidable artifacts of the original image capture, rendering classic images in higher fidelity than ever before.

There are several opportunities for the Processing Center to specialize. Many famous astronomy photos, for instance, are known for something called the Hubble color palette, applying a “stretched” color scheme of inaccurate and arbitrary color temperatures, frequently to incorporate data outside of the visible spectrum. Source dat

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False-color “Hubble Palette” image

a for these images is freely available from NASA and can be re-processed using state-of-the-art techniques. This activity is not be unique to the Cosmoscope, but we could gain a reputation for releasing calendars, collectibles and other products using these images. On the other end of the spectrum, (so to speak) we could specialize in archiving, scanning and processing images originally captured on film.

 

Because of the issues of light sensitivity, many historic images were

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True color image from Hubble data

shot and developed on black and white film, with a separate exposure for each color, not unlike the Technicolor process. These individual color plates can be combined using our best scholarly efforts as to the precise colors of the filters, the sensitivity profile of the film, etc. Or, we can just make them look pretty. Either way, modern digital techniques will yield results as yet unseen. Many of these images likely contain evidence of supernovae and other ephemera in the heavens and Cosmoscope archives of as-yet uncatalogued data could serve as a unique global resource.

 

Infrastructure for the Image Processing Center would consist of modern computers with late model video cards designed to accelerate processing in Photoshop. A permanent office space for this work asus1050ticould be secured (at midwestern rental pricing!) To serve also as the offices for the larger Cosmoscope project. The exact nature of this space may be chosen based
upon the Public Relations value of this project to the Cosmosphere itself.

Narrowband Imaging

With a little original research on our part we’ve uncovered some good news for the immediate future of visual astronomy. Elsewhere on the Cosmoscope site you’ll see reference to narrowband astroimaging. This is the technique of selecting for specific “colors,” known to be emitted by deep-sky objects, while filtering out man-made light sources.

Traditional street light glow in the sky has been particularly easy to filter out because these light sources were frequently sodium-vapor or mercury-vapor lamps emit at very specific color frequencies quite different from the dominant colors in emission nebula. These are clouds of gas being energized by stellar radiation, and then re-emitting that radiation as specific colors associated with the atoms involved. The most prastronomik_uhc-e_transevalent of these atoms emitting in the visual spectrum are hydrogen and oxygen.

So, here’s the good news: We were aware that the white LED lights replacing streetlights nowadays are actually a combination of blue LEDs and phosphors absorbing some of this blue and re-emitting it (very much like nebula) at longer wavelengths, balancing out the blue to create white. (If this is a new concept to you, it’s worth a read. Ingenious.) Anyway, we had heard that these phosphors were rather “sloppy,” emitting across many, many colors, rather than just a few that are easy to filter out.White_LED (1) It turns out that by lucky coincidence, the color of doubly-ionized oxygen falls between the blue LED emission and the phosphor re-emission! Note the two charts here produced for different purposes. The yellow lines in Astronomik’s chart are the “colors” of interest. The bottom chart is the color curve for white LEDs. Note that the LED curve dips right at 500nm – the frequency…, the color… of interest! This is a teal, right between green and blue. The other color of greatest use  – a red – is the stronger of two hydrogen colors, at 656 nm where the phosphor color curve quickly decreases in intensity.

So, it’s still possible to protect a camera element from man-made light (somewhat) by taking pictures through filters specially “colored” to filter light we don’t want. Although the sheer number and candlepower of LEDs may ruin the sky for visual observers, telescopes can still narrow their attention to these key colors.

This isn’t a perfect situation, and phosphor choices may change in the future, but for now we still can turn a semi-urban telescope location into a site that is much darker for the purposes of photographing certain classes of astronomical objects. This should allow images captured at a Cosmoscope-owned site to produce world-class results with “pro-sumer” scale instruments. We look forward to finding out!

 

Integrating with ViewSpace

We understand that additional off-hours traffic at the Cosmosphere will incur some extra costs in maintenance and staffing. We hope that this very same traffic and activity will largely offset any expense through additional grant eligibility for the Cosmosphere itself. Still, we hope the Cosmoscope project will result in concrete benefit, namely maintenance, replacement and continual improvement of the hardware currently used to present ViewSpace, the electronic media exhibit provided by NASA.

ViewSpaceStars

The same computer used to seek out live astronomical images from across the globe in the evening can be used throughout the week to download and present the ViewSpace slide show during normal museum hours. Graphics space presently used to identify what is likely modest corporate sponsorship of ViewSpace could be employed to display Cosmoscope hours of operation, statement of purpose and relevant branding.viewspacepanels